Basic Pattern Coding Questions in C++
1) Program to print solid and hollow rectangle star pattern is discussed here.
Given the number of rows and columns, print the solid and hollow rectangle star patterns.
Solid rectangular star pattern:
Number of rows: 3
Number of columns: 5
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
Program to print solid rectangular star pattern
/* C++ program to print solid rectangle star pattern */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
/* Function to print solid rectangle*/
void solid_rectangle(int n, int m)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for (j = 1; j <= m; j++)
{ cout << “*”;
} cout << endl;
}
} int main()
{ int rows, columns;
cout << “nEnter the number of rows : “;
cin >> rows; cout << “nEnter the number of columns : “;
cin >> columns;
cout << endl; solid_rectangle(rows, columns);
return 0;
}
ii) Hollow rectangular star pattern:
Number of rows: 3
Number of columns: 5
* * * * *
* *
* * * * *
Program to print hollow rectangle star pattern
/* C++ program to print hollow rectangle star pattern */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
/* Function to print hollow rectangle*/
void hollow_rectangle(int n, int m)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for (j = 1; j <= m; j++)
{
if (i==1 || i==n || j==1 || j==m)
cout << “*”; else
cout << ” “;
} cout << endl; }
} int main()
{ int rows, columns;
cout << “nEnter the number of rows : “;
cin >> rows;
cout << “nEnter the number of columns : “;
cin >> columns;
cout << endl;
hollow_rectangle(rows, columns);
return 0;
}
2) i) Program to print pyramid pattern using stars or Pyramid star patterns are discussed here. For any given number n, print various pyramid star patterns.
Half Pyramid Star Pattern
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
* * * * * *
Program to print half pyramid pattern using stars
// C++ program to print half pyramid pattern using stars
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, j,n; cin >> n; for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
for(j = 0; j <= i; j++)
{
cout << “*”;
} cout << endl;
} return 0;
}
ii) Inverted Half pyramid
* * * * * *
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
Program to print inverted half pyramid pattern using stars
// C++ program to print inverted half pyramid pattern using stars
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, j, n, k = 0; cin >> n;
for(i = n; i >= 1; –i)
{
for(j = 1; j <= i; ++j)
{ cout << “* “;
} cout << endl;
} return 0;
}
iii) Full Pyramid Star Pattern
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
*
Program to print full pyramid pattern using stars
// C++ program to print full pyramid pattern using stars
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, j, n, k = 0; cin >> n;
for(i = 1; i <= n; ++i, k = 0)
{
for(j = 1; j <= n – i; ++j)
{
cout << ” “;
}
while(k != 2 * i-1)
{ cout << “* “;
++k;
} cout << endl;
} return 0;
}
iv) Inverted Full pyramid
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
Program to print inverted full pyramid pattern using stars
// C++ program to print inverted full pyramid pattern using stars
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, j, n, k = 0; cin >> n; for(i=n; i>=1; –i)
{ for(j=0; j < n-i; ++j)
{ cout << ” “;
}
for(j=i; j <= 2*i-1; ++j)
{ cout << “* “;
}
for(j=0; j < i-1; ++j)
{ cout << “* “;
} cout << endl;
} return 0;
}
v) Hollow Full Pyramid Star Pattern
* * *
* *
* *
* * * * * * * *
Program to print hollow full pyramid pattern using stars
#include <iostream> using namespace std; void printPattern(int); int main() { int n; cin >> n;
int i, j, k = 0;
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for (j = i; j < n; j++) { cout << ” “;
}
while (k != (2 * i – 1)) {
if (k == 0 || k == 2 * i – 2) cout << “*”;
else
cout << ” “;
k++;
; } k = 0; cout << endl; // print next row
}
for (i = 0; i < 2 * n – 1; i++) { cout << “*”;
}
}
vi) Inverted Half pyramid
* * * * * *
* *
* *
* *
*
Program to print inverted half pyramid pattern
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main() { int n; cin >> n;
int i, j, k = 0; for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << “* “;
} for(i=n; i>=1;--i)
{
for(j=0; j < n-i; ++j) while (k != (2 * i - 1)) { if (k == 0 || k == 2 * i - 2) cout << “*”; else
cout << ” “;
k++; } k = 0; cout << endl; // print next row
}
}
vii) Inverted Hollow Full Pyramid
* * * * * *
* *
* *
*
Program to print inverted hollow full pyramid
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int n; cin >> n;
int i, j; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { for (j = 1; j < i; j++) { cout << ” “;
}
for (j = 1; j <= (n * 2 – (2 * i – 1)); j++) {
if (i == 1 || j == 1 || j == (n * 2 – (2 * i – 1))) {
cout << “*”; } else { cout << ” “;
} } cout << endl;
}
}
3) i) Program to print pyramid pattern printing using numbers or Pyramid number patterns is discussed here. Given a number n, the various patterns of pyramids using numbers are produced as output.
Half pyramid pattern using numbers
1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5
Program to print half pyramid pattern using numbers
// C++ program – Half Pyramid Pattern Printing using numbers
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, j,n; cin >> n; for(i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for(j = 1; j <= i; j++)
{
cout << j << ” “;
} cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
ii) Inverted half pyramid pattern using numbers
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4
1 2 3
1 2
1
Program to print inverted half pyramid pattern printing using numbers
// C++ program – Pyramid Pattern Printing using numbers
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, j,n; cin >> n; for(i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for(j = i; j <= n; j++)
{
cout << j << ” “;
}
cout << endl;
} return 0;
}
iii) Full pyramid pattern using numbers
1
2 3 2
3 4 5 4 3
4 5 6 7 6 5 4
5 6 7 8 9 8 7 6 5
Program to print full pyramid using numbers
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int rows, count = 0, count1 = 0, k = 0; cout << "Enter number of rows: "; cin >> rows; for(int i = 1; i <= rows; ++i)
{
for(int space = 1; space <= rows-i; ++space)
{ cout << " ";
++count;
} while(k != 2*i-1)
{ if (count <= rows-1)
{ cout << i+k << " ";
++count;
} else
{
++count1; cout << i+k-2*count1 << " ";
}
++k; } count1 = count = k = 0; cout << endl;
} return 0;
}
iv) Hollow half pyramid pattern using numbers
1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 2 3 4 5
Program to print hollow half pyramid pattern using numbers
/* C++ program print hollow half pyramid pattern using numbers */
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, j, n, k = 0; cin >> n; for(i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for(j = 1; j <= i; j++)
{
if (j == 1 || j == i || i == n) cout << j; else
cout << ” “;
}
cout << endl;
} return 0;
}
v) Hollow Inverted Half Pyramid Pattern using numbers
1 2 3 4 5
2 5
3 5
4 5
5
Program to print hollow inverted half pyramid pattern using numbers
/* C++ program to print hollow inverted half pyramid pattern using numbers */
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, j, n, k = 0; cin >> n; for(i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for(j = i; j <= n; j++)
{
if (i == 1 || j == i || j == n) cout << j; else
cout << ” “;
} cout << endl;
} return 0;
}
vi) Hollow Full Pyramid Pattern using numbers
1
1 2
1 3
1 2 3 4
Program to print hollow full pyramid pattern using numbers
/* C++ program to print hollow full pyramid pattern using numbers */
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, j, n;
cout << “Enter value of n : “; cin >> n;
for(i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for(j = i; j < n; j++)
{ cout << ” “;
}
for(j = 1; j <= i; j++)
{
if(j == 1 || i == n)
{
cout << j << ” “;
} else { cout << ” “;
}
}
for(j = 1; j < i; j++)
{
if(j == i-1 && j < n-1)
{
cout << j+1;
} else {
cout << ” “;
} }
cout << endl;
} return 0;
}
4) i) Program to print palindrome pyramid pattern using numbers is discussed here. Given a number n, the task is to print a palindrome pyramid containing n number of rows.
Palindrome half pyramid pattern using numbers
Input:
5 (number of rows)
Output:
1
1 2 1
1 2 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1
Program to print palindrome pyramid pattern using numbers
/* C++ program for Palindrome pyramid pattern printing using numbers */
#include<iostream> #include<stdlib.h> using namespace std; int main()
{
int i,j,k,l,n; cout << “Enter the number of rows : “; cin >> n; for(i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{ for(k = 1; k <= i; k++)
{ cout << k << ” “; }
for(l = i-1; l >= 1; l–)
{
cout << l << ” “;
} cout << endl;
} return 0;
}
ii) Palindrome half pyramid pattern using alphabets
Input:
5 (number of rows)
Output:
A
A B A
A B C B A
A B C D C B A
A B C D E D C B A
Program to print palindrome pyramid pattern using alphabets
/* C++ program for Palindrome pyramid pattern printing using alphabets */
#include<iostream> #include<stdlib.h> using namespace std; int main() {
int i,j,k,l,n; cout << “Enter the number of rows : “; cin >> n;
for(i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{ for(k = 1; k <= i; k++)
{ cout << char(k+65-1) << ” “;
}
for(l = i-1; l >= 1; l–)
{ cout << char(l+65-1) << ” “;
} cout << endl;
} return 0;
}
iii) Palindrome pyramid pattern using numbers
Input:
5(number of rows)
Output:
1
1 2 1
1 2 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1
Program to print palindrome pyramid pattern using numbers
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() {
int i, j, k, space, n; cin >> n; cout << ” “; for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
{ for (j=1; j<=n-i; j++) cout << ” “;
for (j=1,k=2*i-1; j<=2*i-1; j++,k–)
{
if (j <= k) cout << j; else cout << k;
}
cout << endl;
cout << ” “;
} return 0;
}
iv) Palindrome pyramid pattern using numbers and stars
Input:
7
Output:
*******1********
*******2*2*******
******3*3*3******
*****4*4*4*4*****
****5*5*5*5*5****
***6*6*6*6*6*6***
Program to print palindrome pyramid pattern using numbers & stars
#include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int n, i, j, space, count = 1, num = 0, star = 8; cin >> n; space = n;
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for (j = 1; j <= star; j++) if(i + j <= star + 1) cout << “*”;
num++;
for (j = 1; j <= i; j++)
{ cout << num;
if (i > 1 && count < i)
{ cout << “*”; count++;
}
}
for (j = 1; j <= star; j++) if(i + n <= j + n) cout << “*”; cout << “\n”; space–;
count = 1; } return 0;
}
5) i) Program to print diamond star patterns is discussed here. Given a number n, write a program to print a diamond shape with 2*n rows.
Solid Diamond pattern printing using stars
Input: 5
Output:
*
* *
* * *
* * * * * * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
Program for solid diamond pattern using stars
/* C++ program – hollow diamond pattern printing using stars */
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, j, space, k = 0, n; cout << “\nEnter the number of rows : “; cin >> n; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for (j = 1; j <= n – i; j++)
{ cout << ” “; }
while (k != (2 * i – 1))
{
if (k == 0 or k == 2 * i – 2)
cout << “*”;
else
cout << ” “;
k++;
} k = 0; cout << endl;
} n–;
for (i = n; i >= 1; i–)
{
for (j = 0; j <= n – i; j++)
{ cout << ” “;
} k = 0; while (k != (2 * i – 1))
{
if (k == 0 or k == 2 * i – 2) cout << “*”;
else
cout << ” “;
k++;
} cout << endl;
}
}
ii) Solid Half Diamond pattern printing using stars
Input: 5
Output:
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
Program for solid half diamond pattern printing using stars
/* C++ program – solid half diamond pattern printing using stars */
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, j, space, k = 0, n; cout << “\nEnter the number of rows : “; cin >> n; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{ for(int j=1;j<=n-i;j++)
{ cout << ” “;
} for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
{ cout << “*”;
} cout << endl;
}
for(int i=n-1;i>0;i–)
{ for(int j=1;j<=n-i;j++)
{ cout << ” “;
} for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
{ cout << “*”;
} cout << endl;
}
}
iii) Half Diamond pattern using stars and numbers in a palindromic pattern
Input: 3 (Number of rows)
Output:
*
* 1 *
* 1 2 1 *
* 1 2 3 2 1 *
* 1 2 1 *
* 1 *
*
Program for palindromic pattern printing in a half diamond
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, j, N;
cout << “Enter the number of rows : “; cin >> N; cout << “*\n”; for(i=1; i<=N; i++)
{ for(j=1; j<=i; j++)
{
if(j == 1)
cout << “*”; cout << j;
} for(j=i-1; j>=1; j–) {
cout << j;
} cout << “*”; cout << “\n”;
}
for(i=N-1; i>=1; i–)
{ for(j=1; j<=i; j++)
{
if(j == 1)
cout << “*”; cout << j;
} for(j=i-1; j>=1; j–)
{ cout << j ;
} cout << “*”; cout << “\n”;
} cout << “*\n”; return 0;
}
6) i) Half diamond pattern printing using numbers
Input:
3 4
Output:
3
44
555
6666
555
44
3
Program for half diamond pattern printing using numbers
/* C++ program for diamond pattern printing using numbers */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int i,j,s,N,count=0;
cin >> s >> N;
for(i=s;count<4;count++)
{ for(j=0;j<count+1;j++)
cout << i;
cout << endl;
i=i+1;
} for(i=s+N-2;count>0;count–)
{ for(j=0;j<count-1;j++)
cout << i; cout << endl;
i=i-1;
} return 0;
}
ii) Half diamond using numbers and stars
Input :
4
Output:
1
2*2
3*3*3
4*4*4*4
4*4*4*4
3*3*3
2*2
1
Program for half diamond pattern printing using numbers and stars
/* C+ program for diamond pattern printing using numbers and stars */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std; int main()
{ int i,j,k,N,count=0; cin >> N; for(i=1;i<=N;i++)
{ k=1; for(j=0;j<i;j++)
{ cout << i; if(k<i)
{ cout << “*”; k=k+1;
}
} cout << endl;
} for(i=N;i>0;i–)
{ k=1; for(j=0;j<i;j++) {
cout << i; if(k<i)
{
cout << “*”;
k=k+1;
}
} cout << endl;
} return 0;
}
iii) Half diamond pattern using numbers and stars
Input:
4
Output:
1
2*3
4*5*6
7*8*9*10
7*8*9*10
4*5*6
2*3
1
Program to print diamond pattern using numbers and stars
/* C++ program for diamond pattern printing using numbers and stars */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int i,j,count=1,n;
cout << “Enter a numbern”;
cin >> n; for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{ for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
if(j<i) cout << count++ << “*”;
else cout << count++;
} cout << endl; } count=count-n;
for(i=n;i>=1;i–)
{ for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
if(j<i) cout << count++ << “*”;
else cout << count++;
} count=(count+1)-2*i;
cout << endl;
} return 0;
}
7)Program to print Pascal's triangle is discussed here. Pascals triangle is a triangular array of the binomial coefficients.
The numbers outside Pascal's triangle are all "0". These "0s" are very important for the triangular pattern to work to form a triangular array. The triangle starts with a number "1" above, and any new number added below the upper number "1" is just the sum of the two numbers above, except for the edge, which is all "1".
row 0 =1 row 1 = (0+1), (1+0) = 1, 1 row 2 = (0+1), (1+1), (1+0) = 1, 2, 1 row 3 = (0+1), (1+2), (2+1), (1+0) = 1, 3, 3, 1 row 4 = (0+1), (1+3), (3+3), (3+1), (1+0) = 1, 4, 6, 4, 1 row 5 = (0+1), (1+4), (4+6), (6+4), (4+1),(1+0) = 1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1 row 6 = (0+1), (1+5), (5+10), (10+10), (10+5), (5+1), (1+0) = 1, 6, 15, 20, 15, 6, 1
// C++ program to print pascal’s triangle
#include using namespace std; int main()
{ int rows, coef = 1, space, i, j; cout << “\nEnter the number of rows : “; cin >> rows; cout << endl;
for(i=0; i<rows; i++) { for(space=1; space <= rows-i; space++)
cout << ” ” ;
for(j=0; j <= i; j++)
{ if (j==0 || i==0) coef = 1; else
coef = coef*(i-j+1)/j;
cout << coef << ” “;
} cout << endl; cout << endl;
} return 0;
}
Time complexity:O(n^2)
8) Butterfly Pattern Printing
Input: 5 Output:
Solution for Butterfly Pattern:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() {
int i, j, n; cin >> n;
// upper half of the pattern for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
{ for(j = 0; j < (2 * n); j++)
{ if(i >= j) // upper left triangle cout << "*"; else cout << " "; if(i >= (2 * n - 1) - j) // upper right triangle cout << "*"; else cout << " ";
} cout << "\n";
}
// bottom half of the pattern for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
{ for(j = 0; j < (2 * n); j++)
{ if(i + j <= n - 1) // bottom left triangle cout << "*"; else cout << " ";
if((i + n) <= j) // bottom right triangle cout << "*"; else cout << " ";
} cout << "\n";
} return 0;
}
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